The 10 Most Common Dental Assisting Terms You’ll Use Every Day

Author: Dr. Casey Hart

Working as a dental assistant means learning a whole new language. From the front office to the treatment room, dental professionals use specific terms to communicate quickly and accurately. Understanding these words will help you feel confident and ready for your first day on the job.

Here are ten of the most common dental assisting terms you’ll use every day.

1. Caries (Cavity)

Definition: Caries refers to tooth decay, while a cavity is the hole left behind after decay damages the tooth.
Why It Matters: You’ll hear dentists and hygienists talk about caries during exams and treatment planning. When explaining procedures to patients, you’ll use the simpler term “cavity.”

2. Dental Radiograph (X-ray)

Definition: A dental radiograph is an image of the teeth and jaw taken using X-ray technology.
Why It Matters: Dental assistants often take these images, helping the dentist diagnose cavities, bone loss, or infection.

3. Prophylaxis (Prophy)

Definition: A prophylaxis is a professional cleaning that removes plaque, tartar, and stains.
Why It Matters: You’ll assist hygienists or prepare setups for cleanings, so knowing this term will come up daily.

4. Impression

Definition: An impression is a mold of a patient’s teeth and gums, used to create models for crowns, dentures, or aligners.
Why It Matters: Dental assistants often mix materials and take impressions, so understanding the process is key.

5. Crown

Definition: A crown is a custom restoration that covers a damaged or weakened tooth to restore its function and appearance.
Why It Matters: You’ll help with crown preparations, temporary crowns, and the final cementation process.

6. Gingivitis

Definition: Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup.
Why It Matters: You’ll hear this often when assisting with cleanings or educating patients about good brushing and flossing habits.

7. Local Anesthesia

Definition: Local anesthesia numbs a specific area of the mouth during dental procedures.
Why It Matters: You’ll prepare and hand instruments for anesthetic administration and monitor patient comfort during treatment.

8. Sterilization

Definition: Sterilization is the process of cleaning and disinfecting instruments to prevent the spread of infection.
Why It Matters: Maintaining sterile tools and workspaces is one of a dental assistant’s most important responsibilities.

9. Bicuspid (Premolar)

Definition: Bicuspids, or premolars, are the teeth located between the canines and molars.
Why It Matters: You’ll need to know tooth anatomy for charting, assisting during procedures, and communicating with the dental team.

10. Plaque and Calculus

Definition: Plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. Calculus (or tartar) is hardened plaque that can only be removed by a professional cleaning.
Why It Matters: Recognizing these terms helps you understand patient care plans and educate patients about preventive maintenance.

Ready to Learn the Language of Dentistry?

If this list sparked your interest, imagine how exciting it will be to learn hands-on skills in a real dental setting. At Dental Careers Institute, you’ll master dental terminology, assist with real patients, and gain the confidence to start a rewarding new career.

Apply today and take the first step toward becoming a certified dental assistant. Learn more and apply now at MyDentalCareers.com